2013 MINI Roadster car wallpaper, features, review

2013 MINI Roadster
Car Desktop Wallpapers



2013 MINI Roadster
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Mini Roadster

The driving fun sewn into the fabric of every MINI never fails to bring a smile to the face. And now it can also be enjoyed - with the roof up or down - in the first model from the brand designed strictly for two people. The MINI Roadster, the sixth model in the British premium carmaker's current line-up, gives the small car segment another innovative shot in the arm. The typically MINI interpretation of a compact roadster embodies unadulterated sportiness and spontaneous urban driving fun under the open sky. Powerful engines and sophisticated chassis technology with model-specific tuning see to it that the characteristic MINI go-kart feeling is always on tap. And the MINI Roadster's classical soft-top roof, which can be easily opened and closed manually, ensures open-top driving pleasure can be lapped up at every opportunity.

The faithful reproduction of the hallmark MINI design language within the proportions of a roadster gives the first open-top two-seater in the history of MINI an unmistakable and irresistible charisma. Even with the roof closed the MINI Roadster displays an elegant, sweeping silhouette, with the transition from soft-top to rear end highlighting its characteristic three-box design particularly clearly. This layout encompasses a clear visual separation of the car's boot (capacity: 240 litres) from the passenger compartment, while a wide through-loading system behind the seats enhances practicality.

The MINI Roadster will be available with a choice of four powerful yet also efficient petrol and diesel engines from launch. The model line-up ranges from the MINI Cooper Roadster (90 kW/122 hp), via the MINI Cooper SD Roadster (105 kW/143 hp) and MINI Cooper S Roadster (135 kW/184 hp), to the sharpest performer of all, the 155 kW/211 hp MINI John Cooper Works Roadster. A quality of chassis technology unparalleled in the small car segment, including Electric Power Steering and Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), combines with the torsionally rigid body (complete with special strengthening elements) and the car's lower centre of gravity to deliver addictive agility and unbeatable active and passive safety. Meanwhile, front and head-thorax airbags, an extremely rigid windscreen frame and polished stainless steel roll-over bars fixed to the body join forces in the name of occupant protection. The aerodynamic balance of the MINI Roadster is optimised by an active rear spoiler.

The MINI Roadster underlines its premium character with a high-quality range of standard equipment, including air conditioning (MINI Cooper S Roadster, MINI Cooper SD Roadster, MINI John Cooper Works Roadster), speedsensitive steering assistance, electrically adjustable exterior mirrors, Park Distance Control, height-adjustable seats and an audio system with MP3- compatible CD player and AUX IN connection. Levels of comfort and individuality can be further enhanced by specifying attractive options such as xenon Adaptive Headlights, black headlight housing, Comfort Access and the Always Open Timer. And the MINI Roadster also offers in-car use of innovative MINI Connected infotainment and communications functions.


The roadster, MINI-style: unique and unmistakable
The MINI Roadster is not only the sole premium model of its kind in the small car segment, it also ranks as the only open-top two-seater in the brand's history. The principles of the MINI design language are faithfully reflected in the body design of the new concept. For example, the athletically taut surfaces, harmonious curves and parallel lines typical of MINI cars are complemented by a sloping windscreen frame raked by an extra 13 degrees over the MINI Convertible, a short passenger compartment distilled around two seats, and a flat boot lid. A waistline rising up slightly along the length of the body to the clearly stepped boot and the deliberately low-slung silhouette - even with the roof closed - give the MINI Roadster an elegantly stretched appearance. At the same time, the new model wears its brand identity on its sleeve thanks to unmistakable design features like the hexagonal contours of its radiator grille, the black border around the lower part of the body, chrome trim strips and surrounds, large circular headlights, vertically stacked rear lights positioned on the outer extremes of the rear end, and the eye-catching surrounds of the side indicators on the front side panels.

With an exterior length of 3,734 millimetres (MINI Cooper Roadster: 3,728 millimetres, MINI John Cooper Works Roadster: 3,758 millimetres), wheelbase of 2,467 millimetres and width of 1,683 millimetres, the dimensions of the MINI Roadster largely mirror those of the MINI Convertible. Standing just 1,390 tall (MINI Cooper Roadster: 1,384 millimetres, MINI John Cooper Works Roadster: 1,391 millimetres), i.e. more than 20 millimetres lower than its four-seater soft-top stablemate, the new two-seater cuts a distinctive, low-slung and elegantly stretched figure from the side. A windscreen frame that is more heavily raked and tapers upwards more sharply than that of the MINI Convertible also gives it a clearly distinguishable appearance when viewed head-on.

Clean, classic, opens and closes with the flick of a wrist: the manually operated soft-top roof
Another example of the faithful transposition of MINI design into the compact roadster template comes in the form of the robust, all-season durability of the soft-top roof. When closed, the roof - which shares the simple style of classic British roadsters - "cascades" downwards, broadening as it heads towards the body and underlining to fine effect the typically MINI, powerful over-the-wheel stance. When opened, the roof folds down flat behind the seats, keeping the car's elegantly sweeping lines intact. And since the outer skin of the roof faces upwards, there is no need for any additional cover.

The manual opening and closing mechanism of the soft-top roof allows the driver to usher in his next dose of open-top driving pleasure without a second's thought. And the roof can be closed again equally quickly to protect the driver and passenger from less welcome weather. The roof is opened by turning the release lever on the windscreen frame though 130 degrees and swivelling the soft-top back in a single movement behind the seats, where it locks into place. The process for closing the roof again is triggered by pressing a button positioned between the roll-over bars, which allows the roof to extend back out of its anchorage points assisted by gas-pressure springs. It can then be pulled forward with the help of the release lever and fixed in place again against the windscreen frame.

Bespoke range of exterior paint finishes, Sport Stripes and interior design elements offer the key to individuality
A range of two non-metallic and six metallic paint shades are available for the exterior of the MINI Roadster. In keeping with British roadster tradition, the roof remains in black. Sport Stripes, available in three colours for the bonnet, boot lid and rear apron, allow owners to add an extra personal touch. The light-alloy wheels fitted as standard on the MINI Roadster come in 15, 16 or 17-inch formats, depending on the model variant. A selection of other light-alloy wheels are available as an option in the same sizes.

The customary MINI variety of seat and upholstery variants includes ultraexclusive piped sports seats in the colour shade Toffy. Added to which, black sports seats are also available in Punch Leather with beige-coloured perforations. Trim strips can be ordered in any of six variants, while an extra Chili Red option is also offered for the MINI John Cooper Works Roadster. A choice of five Colour Lines is also available, and customers may likewise choose to explore the additional, extremely exclusive interior design options offered by the MINI Yours range.

A well-rounded concept delivering driving fun without compromises
The absence of a rear seat bench allows the MINI Roadster to offer 240 litres of luggage space. Plus, the high-opening tailgate and low boot sill makes it that much easier to load up items of luggage, while a 36 cm (14 in.) wide and 20 cm (approx. 8 in.) high through-loading system that can also be opened from the driver's or passenger's seat provides added versatility. The MINI Roadster also comes with larger door bins, three cupholders, and a cross-rack behind the seats.

Another stand-out feature of the MINI Roadster are the stainless steel rollover bars, the front of which are padded. Together with the reinforced windscreen frame, they provide optimised occupant protection in the event of the car turning over. Dynamically formed contours ensure that the roll-over bars and windscreen frame combine to impressive effect in terms of design, too. The safety equipment on board the new MINI Roadster also includes front airbags and head-thorax airbags integrated into the outer sides of the seat backrests, three-point inertia-reel seat belts including belt force limiters and belt tensioners, and a Tyre Defect Indicator.

Bodyshell stiffening at the rear increases the torsional rigidity of the body and combines with extra-sturdy side sills to enhance the strength of the passenger cell. In addition, the MINI Roadster also features built-in innovative pedestrian protection measures and special stiffening elements in the front section. These result in a slightly higher front axle load rating compared with the MINI, which gives the front wheels extra traction. In addition, the use of a comparatively lightweight, manually operated soft-top roof lowers the car's centre of gravity. The impressive body rigidity of the MINI Roadster and its dynamically favourable weight distribution provide the ideal platform for agile and precise handling.

Optimised aerodynamic properties also play their role in a vehicle concept geared to enjoying driving fun to the full. The heavily raked A-pillars and windscreen reduce the frontal area of the body and therefore levels of drag. Added to which, the MINI Roadster is fitted with an active rear spoiler. Integrated into the tailgate, the spoiler extends automatically as soon as the MINI Roadster reaches 80 km/h (50 mph). When the car's speed drops back below 60 km/h (37 mph), a four-part control mechanism returns the spoiler to its rest position. The active rear spoiler, which can also be operated manually using a button in the control panel on the windscreen frame, provides 40 kilograms (88 lb) of extra downforce when travelling at maximum speed.

Airflow has been optimised to an even greater degree on the MINI John Cooper Works Roadster. The most powerful member of the Roadster line-up is fitted with a John Cooper Works aerodynamic kit as standard in a nod to its exceptionally dynamic performance capability.


Latest-generation four-cylinder engines: addictive sportiness, impressive efficiency
The MINI Roadster is available with the three most powerful petrol engines and the highest-output diesel unit in the brand's line-up. The state-of-the-art engines all boast sporty power delivery combined with exemplary efficiency, and all variants of the MINI Roadster carry the Cooper name in their model titles. This reference to legendary ex-Formula One racing car designer John Cooper, who used to race the classic Mini, marks out a car with particular sporting capability.

The MINI Cooper Roadster represents an extremely lively entry point into the Roadster line-up. Its 1.6-litre four-cylinder engine boasts a fully variable valve control system - based on the VALVETRONIC technology used in BMW engines - which sharpens the engine's responses yet also lowers fuel consumption and emissions. With output rising to 90 kW/122 hp at 6,000 rpm and maximum torque of 160 Newton metres (118 lb-ft) generated at 4,250 rpm, the powerplant accelerates the MINI Cooper Roadster from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 9.2 seconds and on to a top speed of 199 km/h (124 mph). Its average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle stands at 5.7 litres per 100 kilometres (49.6 mpg imp), while CO2 emissions come in at 133 grams per kilometre.

In addition to fully variable valve control, MINI TwinPower Turbo technology also features a twin-scroll turbocharger and petrol direct injection - a technology package that makes the 1.6-litre engine in the MINI Cooper S Roadster the world's most efficient in its displacement class. The powerplant develops its maximum output of 135 kW/184 hp at 5,500 rpm. Peak torque of 240 Newton metres (177 lb-ft) is available as low down as 1,600 rpm and can hit 260 Newton metres (192 lb-ft) in a short burst courtesy of the Overboost function. All of which means the MINI Cooper S Roadster powers from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.0 seconds on the way to a top speed of 227 km/h (141 mph). These performance figures contrast with average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle of 6.0 litres per 100 kilometres (47.1 mpg imp) and CO2 emissions of 139 grams per kilometre.

The latest model variant from MINI's John Cooper Works sub-brand showcases its sporting potential with even greater intent. The MINI John Cooper Works Roadster is powered by a 155 kW/211 hp four-cylinder engine with MINI TwinPower Turbo technology. The 1.6-litre unit generates its maximum output at 6,000 rpm, with peak torque of 260 Newton metres (192 lb-ft) on stream at 1,850 rpm. The Overboost function briefly pushes this figure up to 280 Newton metres (207 lb-ft). 6.5 seconds is all it takes the MINI John Cooper Works Roadster to blast from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph). Top speed is 237 km/h (147 mph). Added to which, with average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle of 7.3 litres per 100 kilometres (38.7 mpg imp) and CO2 emissions of 169 grams per kilometre, the MINI John Cooper Works Roadster boasts extraordinary efficiency for an open-top car in this output class.

Leading the way in terms of torque and economy, the 2.0-litre diesel engine with MINI TwinPower Turbo technology under the bonnet of the MINI Cooper SD Roadster is the ideal addition to the range of petrol units. The four-cylinder powerplant features an aluminium crankcase, a turbocharger with variable intake geometry, and common-rail direct injection with solenoid-valve injectors, and develops 105 kW/143 hp at 4,000 rpm and peak torque of 305 Newton metres (225 lb-ft) between 1,750 and 2,700 rpm. All this allows the MINI Cooper SD Roadster to dash from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 8.1 seconds and on to a top speed of 212 km/h (132 mph). The diesel Roadster headlines its outstanding efficiency with average fuel consumption of 4.5 litres per 100 kilometres (62.8 mpg imp) in the EU test cycle and CO2 emissions of 118 grams per kilometre.

The MINI Cooper Roadster and MINI Cooper SD Roadster are equipped as standard with extensive MINIMALISM technology. This further reduces their fuel consumption and emissions thanks to features including Brake Energy Regeneration, the Auto Start/Stop function, Shift Point Display, Electric Power Steering and ancillary components working according to need. The MINI Cooper Roadster, MINI Cooper S Roadster and MINI Cooper SD Roadster can also be specified with an optional six-speed automatic gearbox with Steptronic function as an alternative to the six-speed manual item fitted as standard across the MINI Roadster range.


Agile, precise, stable: go-kart feeling in a roadster wrapping
Teaming up with the powerful engines and customary MINI front-wheel drive, chassis technology of a quality unparalleled in the small car segment imbues the MINI Roadster with the brand's hallmark driving fun. MacPherson struts at the front axle, a multi-link rear axle, Electric Power Steering with speedsensitive assistance, powerful brakes offering excellent feel, and bespoke tuning for all chassis components come together to produce a new interpretation of the time-honoured MINI go-kart feeling. Sports suspension, which brings stiffer damper characteristics, sturdier anti-roll bars and upgraded springs, is available as an option.

A Sport Button on the centre console, standard in the case of the MINI John Cooper Works Roadster and optionally available for all other model versions, allows the driver to adjust the car's steering characteristics and accelerator responses. If the optional six-speed automatic gearbox is specified, pressing this button also shortens shift times.

The standard DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) system selectively brakes individual wheels and reduces engine power to prevent a front or rear-end slide. The system includes ABS anti-lock braking, EBD (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution), CBC (Cornering Brake Control), Brake Assist and Hill Start Assistant. DSC also adds DTC (Dynamic Traction Control) with EDLC (Electronic Differential Lock Control) for the driven axle as standard on the MINI John Cooper Works Roadster and as an option on all other model variants.

MINI Roadster: premium two-seater with high-quality standard equipment and exclusive options
The interior of the MINI Roadster features - in typical brand style - a large Centre Speedo and a rev counter positioned directly behind the steering wheel. The sports seats fitted as standard in the MINI Cooper S Roadster, MINI Cooper SD Roadster and MINI John Cooper Works Roadster offer outstanding lateral support through quickly-taken corners. Standard specification also includes air conditioning (MINI Cooper S Roadster, MINI Cooper SD Roadster, MINI John Cooper Works Roadster), Park Distance Control with rear sensors, height-adjustable seats and electrically adjustable exterior mirrors.

The comfort and individuality of the MINI Roadster can be further enhanced with items from the range of high-quality options, some unique in the small car segment. For example, Adaptive Headlights and black headlight housing are available in conjunction with the optional xenon headlights. Among the other options customers can choose from are Comfort Access, an on-board computer, a multifunction steering wheel, the Always Open Timer, automatic climate control, heated seats, automatically dimming rear-view mirror and exterior mirrors, an armrest, the storage package, and preparation for a rear luggage carrier rack. Also available as an option are Recaro sports seats in a leather/Dinamica combination with optimised lateral support, extended thigh support, integrated head restraints and an embossed John Cooper Works by Recaro logo. Customers can also dip into the selection of exclusive options available from the MINI Yours range and ultra-sporty John Cooper Works options and accessories.


Only from MINI Connected: innovative entertainment and communications functions
The MINI Roadster comes as standard with the radio MINI CD audio system (MINI John Cooper Works Roadster: radio MINI Boost CD), while an extra dose of entertainment pleasure can be specified in the form of the Harman Kardon hi-fi loudspeaker system and USB audio interface. The radio MINI Visual Boost and MINI navigation system link up with a 6.5-inch, highresolution colour display in the Centre Speedo. If these options are specified, MINI Connected allows Apple iPhone owners access to internet-based services inside the car. The MINI Connected App opens the door to a web radio function, use of Google services, Facebook and Twitter, reception of RSS news feeds, the MINIMALISM Analyser, Mission Control and Dynamic Music functions, as well as the latest Driving Excitement functions, such as Condition Check, Force Meter and digital sports instruments.



Accident Lawyers information

The Law Offices of
WILSON, KEHOE and Winingham LLC
www.wkw.com
Indiana Brain Injury Lawyer Wilson, Kehoe & Winingham Website - Brain Injury, Spinal Injury, Medical Malpractice, Car Accidents

Indianapolis
2859 N Meridian St
Indianapolis, IN 46208
Telephone: (317) 920-6400
Email: help@wkw.com

Richmond, Indiana
2901 East Main Street
Richmond, IN 47374
Telephone: (765) 962-9113
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MINI Car Models | Mini car wallpaper |

MINI Car Models

MINI 2013:
Mini Roadster (9)

MINI 2012:
• Mini Coupe

MINI 2011:
• Mini WRC
• Mini Rocketman Concept
• Mini Paceman Concept
• Mini John Cooper Works Coupe Endurance
• Mini Countryman

MINI 2010:

• Mini Scooter E Concept
• Mini John Cooper Works Convertible
• Mini E
• Mini Beachcomber Concept

MINI 2009:
• Mini Roadster Concept
• Mini One Clubman
• Mini Coupe Concept
• Mini Cooper S Cabrio
• Mini Cooper John Cooper Works
• Mini Cooper Convertible
• Mini Clubman John Cooper Works

MINI 2008:
• Mini One
• Mini John Cooper Works Challenge
• Mini Crossover Concept
• Mini Cooper S John Cooper Works Tuning Kit
• Mini Cooper D Clubman
• Mini Cooper D
• Mini Clubman

MINI 2007:

• Mini Cooper S
• Mini Cooper

MINI 2006:

• Mini Cooper S John Cooper Works GP Tuning Kit
• Mini Concept Geneva
• Mini Concept Detroit

MINI 2005:
• Mini Versace Cabrio
• Mini Cooper S Convertible
• Mini Cooper Convertible
• Mini Concept Tokyo
• Mini Concept Frankfurt

MINI 2004:
• Mini XXL
• Mini Cooper S
• Mini Cooper

MINI 2003:
• Mini One D
• Mini Cooper S John Cooper Works with Aerodynamic Kit
• Mini Cooper S John Cooper Works

MINI 2002:
• Mini Cooper S John Cooper Challenge

MINI 2000:
• Mini Seven
• Mini Knightsbridge
• Mini Cooper S
• Mini Cooper

MINI 1968:
• 1968 Mini Cooper S



Tampa Injury Attorneys
Trentalange & Kelley P.A.
www.trentalange.com

Trentalange & Kelley, P.A. is a team of dedicated professionals who represent victims of negligence and wrongful death. Lead Trial Attorney Mike Trentalange and Senior Partner Elizabeth ("Lisa") Kelley have a combined 40 years of courtroom experience.

We are injury attorneys who represent people like you. We do not represent insurance companies. Instead we have spent our careers battling with them in cases involving:

• Auto Accidents • Misfilled Prescriptions • Trucking Accidents • Birth Injuries • Slip & Falls • Aviation Accidents • Medical Negligence • Clergy Misconduct • Industrial Accidents • Motorcycle Accidents • Wrongful Death • Nursing Home Neglect • Sexual Abuse • Suicide • Defective Products • Negligent Security • Shootings • Boating/Watercraft Accidents.

Tampa Office:
Telephone:813.226.1080
Toll Free:800.789.1117
Facsimile:813.226.1081
Address:218 North Dale Mabry Highway
Tampa, Florida 33609

2010 BMW Z4 UK Version car desktop wallpapers

2010 BMW Z4 UK Version
BMW Car Desktop Wallpaper


2010 BMW Z4 UK Version
Click Thumbnail to download (size 1600 x 1200 pixels)





BMW Z4 UK Version

BMW has a long and illustrious history of building two seat sports cars. From the very first 3/15 PA Wartburg Roadster in 1930, BMW has produced highly distinctive roadsters. With their long bonnet, setback glasshouse, front engine rear-wheel-drive configuration and with the two seats positioned close to the rear axle, every BMW roadster lives up to the ultimate driving machine promise.

Now, nearly 80 years after the first BMW roadster went on sale, the latest has been launched in the UK. Featuring a host of innovations never before featured on a BMW of this type, the new BMW Z4 is the first to come with a two-piece, electro-hydraulically operated Retractable Hard-Top roof that can be raised or lowered in 20 seconds. The new BMW Z4 is also the first roadster to be offered with Adaptive M Sport Suspension. This system features a ride height 10mm lower than the standard car for a more dynamic drive. Adaptive M Sport Suspension also comes with electronically controlled dampers that offer three different configurations from Normal to Sport+ so a driver can fine tune the car's set-up.

The standard Drive Dynamic Control function is another BMW roadster first and allows the driver to alter the chassis configuration to suit their needs. Now the vehicle has the capability to morph between comfortable yet sporty cruiser through to outright performance car. Depending on model specification, the throttle and steering response, level of ride comfort, Dynamic Stability Control response and, on automatic or Double Clutch Transmission cars, gear change times can all be altered.

Drivetrain

To underscore the potency of the new BMW Z4 the model comes with a choice of three high output six-cylinder powerplants. The range flagship is an International Engine of the Year winner in the shape of the 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged engine. The 306hp BMW Z4 sDrive35i powers its way from zero to 62mph in 5.2 seconds before going on to an electronically-limited top speed of 155mph. The strong performance credentials are matched in terms of economy and emissions.

The BMW Z4 sDrive35i records a combined consumption figure of 30.1mpg and CO2 emissions of 219g/km. It is worth nothing that the sDrive35i can be specified with a Double Clutch Transmission and a vehicle so equipped records a faster zero to 62mph time of 5.1 seconds, 31.4mpg consumption and lower CO2 emissions at 210g/km.

Joining this model in the launch line-up are the BMW Z4 sDrive23i and the Z4 sDrive30i. Both use the same magnesium aluminium alloy engine with Double VANOS and VALVETRONIC technology, but with varying capacities. The 2.5-litre entry-level BMW Z4 sDrive23i produces 204hp to achieve its zero to 62mph time of 6.6 seconds and a top speed of 151mph. In contrast the BMW Z4 sDrive23i is capable of a combined 33.2mpg and CO2 emissions of 199g/km.

The BMW Z4 sDrive30i comes with a 3.0-litre powerplant producing 258hp. The six-cylinder engine records a zero to 62mph time of 5.8 seconds before going on to an electronically-limited top speed of 155mph. Like the BMW Z4 sDrive23i, the Z4 sDrive30i posts impressive combined consumption and CO2 emission figures, recording 33.2mpg and 199g/km.

Transmitting the power to the road in all three Z4s is a six-speed manual gearbox as standard. Customers of the BMW Z4 sDrive23i and the Z4 sDrive30i who prefer the characteristics of an automatic can specify a six-speed Sport Automatic transmission featuring gear change paddles on the steering wheel. Buyers of the BMW Z4 sDrive35i can choose a seven-speed Double Clutch Transmission, again with gear shift paddles located on the steering wheel.

Increased comfort and practicality

BMW's latest roadster is larger than its predecessor measuring 148mm longer at 4,239mm and 9mm wider at 1,790mm, and this results in greater interior space and luggage capacity. With the roof up, headroom has been increased by 44mm while the greater car width and design enhancements have led to 20mm more shoulder room and 43mm more elbow room.

Driver visibility in the BMW Z4 has also been improved. All round visibility is up by 14 per cent while, courtesy of the four electric windows creating a larger glasshouse, side visibility is up 40 per cent. The Retractable Hard-Top roof features a glass rear window and this too improves visibility by 52 per cent.

The most recent incarnation of iDrive makes its first appearance on a BMW Z4. The optional BMW Professional Multimedia Navigation system features a hard disc drive capable of 12Gb of audio file storage and BMW ConnectedDrive functionality. A vehicle specified with this system also comes with eight programmable Favourite buttons as system shortcuts.

Market

The new BMW Z4 has been introduced to compete head-on with the two big biggest sellers in the UK premium roadster market - the Mercedes SLK and the Audi TT Roadster. According to BMW's own market research one of the key reasons for selecting the Mercedes over the previous BMW Z4 was the added benefit of a folding metal roof. The majority of buyers in this segment also craved a degree more comfort and practicality. The designers and engineers of the new BMW Z4 took these considerations on board so the BMW Z4 should now appeal to a broader church, while at the same time not diluting the range's previous excellent driving dynamics.

Technical Specifications

BMW Z4 sDrive23i
• Price OTR: £28,645
• Power: 204 hp
• Torque: 250 Nm
• 0-62mph: 6.6 s
• Top speed: 151 mph
• Combined: 33.2 mpg
• Emissions: 199 g/km

BMW Z4 sDrive30i
• Price OTR: £32,660
• Power: 258 hp
• Torque: 310 Nm
• 0-62mph: 5.8 s
• Top speed: 155 mph
• Combined: 33.2 mpg
• Emissions: 199 g/km

BMW Z4 sDrive35i
• Price OTR: £37,060
• Power: 306 hp
• Torque: 400 Nm
• 0-62mph: 5.2 s
• Top speed: 155 mph
• Combined: 30.1 mpg
•  Emissions: 219 g/km


Tampa Injury Attorneys
Trentalange & Kelley P.A.
www.trentalange.com

Trentalange & Kelley, P.A. is a team of dedicated professionals who represent victims of negligence and wrongful death. Lead Trial Attorney Mike Trentalange and Senior Partner Elizabeth ("Lisa") Kelley have a combined 40 years of courtroom experience.

We are injury attorneys who represent people like you. We do not represent insurance companies. Instead we have spent our careers battling with them in cases involving:

• Auto Accidents • Misfilled Prescriptions • Trucking Accidents • Birth Injuries • Slip & Falls • Aviation Accidents • Medical Negligence • Clergy Misconduct • Industrial Accidents • Motorcycle Accidents • Wrongful Death • Nursing Home Neglect • Sexual Abuse • Suicide • Defective Products • Negligent Security • Shootings • Boating/Watercraft Accidents.

Tampa Office:
Telephone:813.226.1080
Toll Free:800.789.1117
Facsimile:813.226.1081
Address:218 North Dale Mabry Highway
Tampa, Florida 33609

2010 BMW 135i Coupe car wallpaper

2010 BMW 135i Coupe
BMW Car Desktop Wallpapers


2010 BMW 135i Coupe
Click Thumbnail to download (size 1600 x 1200 pixels)



BMW 135i Coupe
Starting immediately the BMW 135i Coupe and the BMW 135i Convertible come with a straight-six power unit of the latest generation for the first time combining BMW TwinPower Turbo Technology, High Precision Injection and fully variable VALVETRONIC valve management, all interacting with one another to set new standards for economy with the highest level of performance.

In conjunction with the seven-speed double-clutch gearbox (DKG) featuring Sport Automatic available as an option for the first time in the BMW 1-Series as of March 2010, these superior technologies offer a further significant reduction of fuel consumption and emissions on these top-flight performers, setting up new records in acceleration and dynamic performance.

The top engine featured in both versions of the BMW 1-Series develops maximum output of 225 kW/306 hp at 5,800 rpm from a capacity of three litres, combining spontaneous and direct response with unleashed free-revving driving qualities. Peak torque of the six-cylinder is 400 Newton-metres/295 lb-ft delivered from just 1,200 rpm all the way to 5,000 rpm.

The seven-speed double-clutch gearbox with Sport Automatic shifting gears without the slightest interruption in power and torque, is likewise designed and built for dynamic performance of the highest standard.

Sport Automatic offers not just the option to shift gears manually on the electronic gear selector lever or via the shift paddles on the steering wheel, but also the usual comfort and convenience of a BMW automatic transmission.

The combination of these two innovations in a compact car naturally guarantees driving pleasure of a new standard never seen before. Accelerating from 0 - 60 mph in just 5.0 and from 0 - 100 km/h in 5.2 seconds, the BMW 135i Coupe with its double-clutch gearbox offers the same supreme standard as a thoroughbred sports car even more than in the past.

A truly unique achievement in this performance class is average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle of 8.5 litres/100 kilometres (equal to provisional combined of approx. 22 mpg US), almost one litre/100 kilometres better than the comparable figure in the former model with its six-speed automatic transmission.

This significant reduction of fuel consumption, together with acceleration to 60 mph improved once again by 0.2 seconds, clearly confirms the progress made through BMW EfficientDynamics with this new engine and transmission technology.

The BMW 135i Convertible with double-clutch gearbox accelerates to 60 mph in 5.3 seconds and reaches 100 km/h in 5.5 seconds. Average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle is 8.6 litres/100 km (provisional combined US figure approx 22 mpg), which is 0.8 litres better than on the former model with automatic transmission.

On the same fuel consumption, this is better even than the acceleration and consumption figures of the respective models with a six-speed manual gearbox: the hand-shifted version of the BMW 135i Coupe accelerates to 60 mph in 5.1, the manual-gearbox version of the BMW 135i Convertible in 5.4 seconds (0 -100 km/h on the Coupe in 5.3, on the Convertible in 5.6 seconds).

At the same time the combination of the BMW TwinPower Turbo engine with the manual gearbox also newly developed likewise enhances all-round efficiency by a significant margin. In practice, this means a reduction of average fuel consumption by the BMW 135i Coupe to 8.5 litres and a reduction on the BMW 135i Convertible to 8.6 litres/100 kilometres (provisional combined US figure for both models approx. 22 mpg).

Outstanding innovation for optimised efficiency: first-ever VALVETRONIC on a turbocharged engine.

The new straight-six power unit of the BMW 135i Coupe and the BMW 135i Convertible owes its exceptional efficiency to the first-ever combination of BMW TwinPower Turbo Technology, High Precision Injection, and VALVETRONIC valve management.

The turbocharger system following the twin-scroll principle separating the ducts for three cylinders at a time both in the exhaust gas manifold and in the turbocharger, as well as VALVETRONIC developed to an even higher standard of efficiency, contributes accordingly to the extremely spontaneous and direct response of the drivetrain.

This kind of technology allows infinite adjustment of valve stroke and valve timing on the intake valves. Throttle losses in the charge cycle are reduced to a minimum and the energy contained in the fuel is put to maximum use. In conjunction with High Precision Injection likewise optimised to an even higher standard, this offers an unparalleled balance of driving performance and fuel economy never seen before in this class.

The BMW 135i Coupe and the BMW 135i Convertible come as standard with a wide range of BMW EfficientDynamics technologies combined with one another in an appropriate symbiosis for each specific market, including features such as Brake Energy Regeneration, a gearshift point indicator on models with a manual gearbox, a map-controlled oil pump, final drive with optimised warm-up running qualities, as well as on-demand control of the engine's ancillary units such as the pressure-controlled fuel pump.

Enhanced dynamics, greater efficiency: new six-speed manual gearbox and optional seven-speed Double-Clutch Gearbox.

Both the BMW 135i Coupe and the BMW 135i Convertible come as standard with a newly developed six-speed manual gearbox. Optimised for maximum efficiency, this high-tech gearbox features dry sump lubrication significantly reducing drag forces and completely avoiding splash losses in the interest of even greater efficiency all round.

The seven-speed double-clutch gearbox with Sport Automatic featured for the first time in the BMW 1-Series makes an even greater contribution to the optimisation of driving characteristics in the spirit of BMW EfficientDynamics. The double-clutch gearbox improves both acceleration and the efficiency of these compact top-flight performers, at the same time combining this dual progress with the comfort features of a BMW automatic transmission. The seven-speed double-clutch gearbox shifts gears without the slightest interruption of power and torque and offers the driver the choice of either automatic transmission or a manual gearshift.

The fast and smooth shift of gears allows unusually harmonious acceleration and helps to reduce both fuel consumption and emissions. The close, sporting increments of the seven gears ensure that the optimum transmission ratio is always available in all situations.

A combination of dry sump and injection lubrication serves to further optimise the efficiency of the engine through a supreme level of oil supply.

Last but not least, the double-clutch gearbox is controlled with utmost convenience either through the newly designed gear selector lever or by gearshift paddles on the steering wheel.

BMW 135i Coupe and BMW 135i Convertible: outstanding performers in the compact segment and beyond.

The new six-cylinder with BMW TwinPower Turbo Technology and the seven-speed double-clutch gearbox bring out the unique character of these top performers in the compact segment even more and in greater style than ever before. Through their performance alone, the BMW 135i Coupe and the BMW 135i Convertible achieve the supreme standard of a very powerful sports car. And at the same time the driving experience conveyed by both models boasts the agility typical of a BMW 1-Series.

Superior drivetrain technology and a concept unique in this class with rear-wheel drive, the passenger cell moved far to the back, and almost ideal distribution of axle load, offer the optimum combination for unique driving pleasure.

Both models come as standard with a modified M Aerodynamics Package and M Sports Suspension. Other standard features include DSC Dynamic Stability Control with an individualised set-up, an electronically masterminded locking function on the differential, as well as model-specific control maps for Servotronic power steering and the gas pedal, again underlining the sporting character of both models.


Tampa Injury Attorneys
Trentalange & Kelley P.A.
www.trentalange.com

Trentalange & Kelley, P.A. is a team of dedicated professionals who represent victims of negligence and wrongful death. Lead Trial Attorney Mike Trentalange and Senior Partner Elizabeth ("Lisa") Kelley have a combined 40 years of courtroom experience.

We are injury attorneys who represent people like you. We do not represent insurance companies. Instead we have spent our careers battling with them in cases involving:

• Auto Accidents • Misfilled Prescriptions • Trucking Accidents • Birth Injuries • Slip & Falls • Aviation Accidents • Medical Negligence • Clergy Misconduct • Industrial Accidents • Motorcycle Accidents • Wrongful Death • Nursing Home Neglect • Sexual Abuse • Suicide • Defective Products • Negligent Security • Shootings • Boating/Watercraft Accidents.

Tampa Office:
Telephone:813.226.1080
Toll Free:800.789.1117
Facsimile:813.226.1081
Address:218 North Dale Mabry Highway
Tampa, Florida 33609

2010 BMW M3 Car desktop wallpapers, features

2010 BMW M3
BMW Car Desktop Wallpapers


2010 BMW M3
Click Thumbnail to download (size 1600 x 1200 pixels)




BMW M3
As of spring 2010, the high-performance model BMW M3 consistently combines its outstanding driving performance figures with further reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emission levels. The range of BMW EfficientDynamics measures fitted as standard in the models BMW M3 Coupé, BMW M3 Convertible and BMW M3 Sedan is now to be supplemented with the Auto Start Stop Function. This reduces the average fuel consumption and CO2 levels of the BMW M3 by up to 8 per cent or 24 grams of CO2 per kilometre. In order to further hone the outstandingly sporty profile of the model there will also be a Competition Package available as of spring 2010.


Auto Start Stop Function for the BMW M3 - for the first time in conjunction with a dual clutch transmission.
The BMW M3 achieves its outstanding performance with impressive efficiency. Its 4.0 litre V8 high-revving engine mobilises 309 kW/420 bhp, enabling superior acceleration response due to its unique propulsion. In addition to its fascinating performance characteristics, the 8-cylinder engine - developed exclusively for the BMW M3 - is characterised by an unusually high degree of efficiency. Additional efficiency potential is now tapped into with the Auto Start Stop Function. This helps the drive avoid idling phases when stopping at junctions or in congested traffic. In order to prevent unnecessary fuel consumption the engine is switched off when the vehicle comes to a halt. As soon as the driver wishes to continue driving, the engine is re-activated without delay.

The Auto Start Stop Function is used both in vehicles with standard 6-speed manual transmission and in conjunction with the M dual clutch transmission with Drivelogic. The BMW M3 is thus the first model - along with the BMW ActiveHybrid X6 and the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 - to use this efficiency-enhancing measure in combination with an automated manual transmission.

The increase in efficiency brought about by the Auto Start Stop Function is up to 8 per cent of 24 grams of CO2 per kilometre, depending on the model and transmission type. For example, the BMW M3 Coupé with 7-speed M dual clutch transmission and Drivelogic powered by a V8 high-revving engine with 309 kW/420 bhp now achieves an average fuel consumption on the EU test cycle of 11.2 litres per 100 kilometres (6-speed manual transmission: 12.4 litres). The same figures apply to the BMW M3 Sedan. In the case of the BMW M3 Convertible, the average fuel consumption is reduced to 11.5 litres (M dual clutch transmission with Drivelogic) or 12.7 litres (6-speed manual transmission) per 100 kilometres. All versions of the BMW M3 will also meet the exhaust emission norm EU5 in future.

Modified rear lights with glass covers in a homogeneous red colour provide an additional visual accentuation in the BMW M3 Coupé and the BMW M3 Convertible. With two harmoniously illuminating light banks fed by LED units, they create a characteristic nocturnal design.


New for the BMW M3: Competition Package and retrofit options.
The Competition Package, available for the Coupé and the Sedan, and the retrofit options from the range of Original BMW Accessories specially developed for the BMW M3 are just two possible ways of individualising the sports car. With a suspension lowered by some 10 mm and light alloy wheels in the size 9 x 19 inches at the front and Y-spoke design at the rear, the Competition Package provides further optimised longitudinal and transverse dynamics. In addition, the control of the electronic damper adjustment function EDC including a Sport mode specially developed for the Competition Package has been precisely adjusted to the chassis modifications by means of map-based control and the driving stability control function DSC.

The new range of items from the Original BMW Accessories program available for the BMW M3 provides an even more intense driving experience. Retrofit options designed for this model are specifically geared towards increasing dynamic performance and driving pleasure. For example a rear spoiler and front apron flaps in carbon will be available from spring 2010. As well as perfectly matching the Competition Package the aerodynamically optimised components further reduce lift force, thereby increasing the driving dynamics potential of the BMW M3.


Tampa Injury Attorneys
Trentalange & Kelley P.A.
www.trentalange.com

Trentalange & Kelley, P.A. is a team of dedicated professionals who represent victims of negligence and wrongful death. Lead Trial Attorney Mike Trentalange and Senior Partner Elizabeth ("Lisa") Kelley have a combined 40 years of courtroom experience.

We are injury attorneys who represent people like you. We do not represent insurance companies. Instead we have spent our careers battling with them in cases involving:

• Auto Accidents • Misfilled Prescriptions • Trucking Accidents • Birth Injuries • Slip & Falls • Aviation Accidents • Medical Negligence • Clergy Misconduct • Industrial Accidents • Motorcycle Accidents • Wrongful Death • Nursing Home Neglect • Sexual Abuse • Suicide • Defective Products • Negligent Security • Shootings • Boating/Watercraft Accidents.

Tampa Office:
Telephone:813.226.1080
Toll Free:800.789.1117
Facsimile:813.226.1081
Address:218 North Dale Mabry Highway
Tampa, Florida 33609

2010 BMW Z4 car desktop wallpaper, technical specifications

2010 BMW Z4
BMW Car Desktop Wallpapers


2010 BMW Z4
Click Thumbnail to download (size 1600 x 1200 pixels)






BMW Z4

The latest in BMW's long and successful roadster family has been revealed. The all-new BMW Z4 will go on sale in the UK in May 2009 and features a host of innovations never before showcased during BMW's 75 years of roadster heritage.

The BMW Z4 is the first to come with a two-piece, electro-hydraulically operated Retractable Hard-Top roof that can be raised or lowered in 20 seconds. The new roadster is also the first vehicle to be offered with Adaptive M Suspension. Electronically controlled dampers offer three different configurations and lower the ride height by up to 10mm for a more dynamic drive. By way of comparison, the Sport+ setting of the new car is comparable to the outgoing BMW Z4's standard ride comfort level.

The standard Drive Dynamic Control function is another first and allows the driver to alter, depending on model specification, the throttle and steering response, level of ride comfort, Dynamic Stability Control response and, on automatic or Double Clutch Transmission cars, gear change times.

Powering the new BMW Z4 is a choice of three six-cylinder powerplants. The range flagship is the current International Engine of the Year-winning 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged engine. Producing 306hp at 5,800rpm, the BMW Z4 sDrive35i powers its way from zero to 62mph in 5.2 seconds (5.1 seconds for a Double Clutch Transmission-equipped car) and on to an electronically-limited top speed of 155mph. The twin-turbocharged 2,979cc engine with high-precision direct injection technology produces 400Nm of torque from just 1,300rpm for effortless in-gear acceleration. The strong performance credentials are matched in terms of economy and emissions. The BMW Z4 sDrive35i records a combined consumption figure of 30.1mpg (31.4mpg) and CO2 emissions of 219g/km (210g/km).

Joining this model in the launch line-up are theBMW Z4 sDrive23i and the Z4 sDrive30i. Both use the same magnesium aluminium alloy engine with Double VANOS and VALVETRONIC technology, but with varying capacities. The 2,497cc entry-level BMW Z4 sDrive23i produces 204hp at 6,400rpm and 250Nm of torque from 2,750rpm. This equates to a zero to 62mph time of 6.6 seconds (7.3 seconds for the Sport Automatic) and a top speed of 151mph (149mph). In contrast the Z4 sDrive23i is capable of 33.2mpg (34.4mpg) on the combined cycle and CO2 emissions of 199g/km (192g/km) respectively.

All three six-cylinder powerplants surpass the latest strict EU5 emissions standards.

The BMW Z4 sDrive30i comes with a 2,996cc powerplant offering 258hp at 6,600rpm and 310Nm of torque from 2,600rpm. The six-cylinder engine records a zero to 62mph time of 5.8 seconds (6.1 seconds for the Sports Automatic) and an electronically-limited top speed of 155mph. Like the BMW Z4 sDrive23i, the Z4 sDrive30i posts impressive combined consumption and CO2 emissions figures, recording 33.2mpg (34.0mpg) and 199g/km (195g/km). Transmitting the power to the road in all three Z4s is a six-speed manual gearbox as standard. Customers of the BMW Z4 sDrive23i and the Z4 sDrive30i who prefer the characteristics of an automatic can specify a six-speed Sport Automatic transmission featuring gear change paddles on the steering wheel. Buyers of the BMW Z4 sDrive35i can choose the more advanced seven-speed Double Clutch Transmission, again with gear shift paddles located on the steering wheel.

EfficientDynamics

All of the latest BMW Z4s come as standard with facets of BMW's award-winning EfficientDynamics programme. Technologies that improve engine performance while enhancing economy and cutting emissions include Brake Energy Regeneration, Electric Power Steering with Servotronic, Reduced Rolling Resistance Tyres, on-demand control of the engine's ancillaries and Optimum Shift Indicator on manual transmission cars. The BMW Z4 also adheres to a philosophy of lightweight construction with the front suspension and subframe being largely made from aluminium.

Enhanced packaging

The new BMW Z4 is larger than its predecessor measuring 148mm longer at 4,239mm and 9mm wider at 1,790mm, and this results in greater interior space and luggage capacity. With the roof up, headroom has been increased by 44mm while the greater car width and design enhancements have led to 20mm more shoulder room and 43mm more elbow room.

For the first time on a BMW Z4 there is a bespoke storage facility located behind the driver and passenger seats. This approximate 15.5-litre single compartment stretches the width of the car's interior and features netting to hold the contents in place. It can be complemented by an optional Storage Package that adds further stowage capacity. BMW's latest generation of iDrive makes its first appearance on a Z4. The BMW Professional Multimedia Navigation system features a hard disc drive capable of 12Gb of audio file storage and BMW ConnectedDrive functionality. The system also comes with eight programmable Favourite buttons as system shortcuts.

The unique roof construction of the BMW Z4 creates a boot that varies in capacity from 180 to 310 litres - large enough to stow a full set of golf clubs. For the first time on a BMW Z4 customers can specify a through-loading system for additional storage capability. A hatch between the two seats permits a second full set of golf clubs to be carried.

Driver visibility in the BMW Z4 has also been improved. All round visibility is up by 14 per cent while, courtesy of the four electric windows creating a larger glasshouse, side visibility is up 40 per cent. The Retractable Hard-Top roof features a glass rear window and this too improves visibility by 52 per cent.

Technical specifications

= BMW Z4 sDrive23i
Power: 204 hp
Torque: 250 Nm
0-100 km/h: 6.6 s
Top Speed: 243 km/h
Fuel Consumption: 33.2 mpg
CO2 Emissions: 199 g/km
•  Price: 35,900 EUR

= BMW Z4 sDrive30i
Power: 258 hp
Torque: 310 Nm
0-100 km/h: 5.8 s
Top Speed: 250 km/h
Fuel Consumption: 33.2 mpg
CO2 Emissions: 199 g/km
Price: 42,900 EUR

= BMW Z4 sDrive35i
Power: 306 hp
Torque: 400 Nm
0-100 km/h: 5.2 s
Top Speed: 250 km/h
Fuel Consumption: 30.1 mpg
CO2 Emissions: 210 g/km
Price: 47,450 EUR




Tampa Injury Attorneys
Trentalange & Kelley P.A.
www.trentalange.com

Trentalange & Kelley, P.A. is a team of dedicated professionals who represent victims of negligence and wrongful death. Lead Trial Attorney Mike Trentalange and Senior Partner Elizabeth ("Lisa") Kelley have a combined 40 years of courtroom experience.

We are injury attorneys who represent people like you. We do not represent insurance companies. Instead we have spent our careers battling with them in cases involving:

• Auto Accidents • Misfilled Prescriptions • Trucking Accidents • Birth Injuries • Slip & Falls • Aviation Accidents • Medical Negligence • Clergy Misconduct • Industrial Accidents • Motorcycle Accidents • Wrongful Death • Nursing Home Neglect • Sexual Abuse • Suicide • Defective Products • Negligent Security • Shootings • Boating/Watercraft Accidents.

Tampa Office:
Telephone:813.226.1080
Toll Free:800.789.1117
Facsimile:813.226.1081
Address:218 North Dale Mabry Highway
Tampa, Florida 33609

2011 Rolls-Royce 102EX Electric Concept Car Desktop Wallpapers

2011 Rolls-Royce 102EX Electric Concept
Car Desktop Wallpapers


2011 Rolls-Royce 102EX Electric Concept
Click Thumbnail to download (size 1600 x 1200 pixels)




Rolls-Royce 102EX Electric Concept

Rolls-Royce Motor Cars proudly presents Rolls-Royce 102EX, a car that represents one of the most significant initiatives taken by the company in recent years. It is the world's first battery electric vehicle for the ultra-luxury segment and continues a tradition of experimental cars running through the model generations.

Rolls-Royce produces cars that represent the pinnacle in luxurious motoring for the world's most discerning customers. However, the company also recognises the need to look to the future and to plan for long-term sustainable growth. An investigation into alternative drive-train options is an important step in that process.

With Rolls-Royce 102EX, also to be known as the Phantom Experimental Electric (EE), it is the company's intention to carefully test the opinions and reactions to alternative drive-train options of a range of stakeholders including owners, enthusiasts, members of the public and the media.

Throughout 2011 Phantom EE will serve as a working test bed, giving owners, VIPs, the media and enthusiasts the opportunity to experience an established alternative drive-train technology and to feed back their experiences, thoughts and concerns directly.

The bank of research gathered from a global drive programme that will include Europe, the Middle East, Asia and North America will be crucial to decisions affecting alternative drive-trains for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.

There are no plans to build a production version of this car. Phantom EE's role is as a test bed, designed to explore established BEV technologies, to pose as well as to answer questions.

Can Phantom EE deliver an acceptable range for customers without frequent re-charging? Is there confidence in its ability to operate in extreme conditions? Will reliability and quality be consistent with expectations of the world's pinnacle automotive brand?

Phantom EE also poses more fundamental questions: Is an all-electric drive-train able to deliver an authentic Rolls-Royce experience for customers, an experience that truly befits the marque?

Whether all-electric or another alternative drive-train option is right for Rolls-Royce will become clearer when the test programme is complete at the end of the year.

Rolls-Royce 102EX - PHANTOM EXPERIMENTAL ELECTRIC (EE)

Reinvention is part of being timeless and Phantom EE is the latest in a line of experimental vehicles from Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. It builds on a legacy which dates back to 1919 and 1EX.

Experimental models are used to test and evaluate new technologies and applications which could shape future Rolls-Royce products. Unlike a concept car, Rolls-Royce experimental models are always fully functioning, drivable vehicles using tangible materials such as wood, leather and metals rather than clay and foam or other concepts.

They present engineers and designers with the opportunity for real-world innovation and are used not only to showcase new components and engineering techniques but also to evaluate them.

The latest in this line of experimental projects began with a Rolls-Royce Phantom, a strikingly modern and immaculately proportioned car in which high technology and hand-craftsmanship combine to produce something extraordinary.

Phantom EE features the car's ground-breaking aluminium spaceframe, so important to dynamic prowess, as well as the sense of calm and tranquillity enjoyed by occupants. However, the naturally aspirated 6.75-litre V12 petrol engine and 6-speed gearbox have been replaced by a lithium ion battery pack and two electric motors mounted on the rear sub-frame. These motors are connected to a single speed transmission with integrated differential.

Each motor is power rated to 145kW, giving Phantom EE a maximum power output of 290kW and torque of 800Nm available over a wide band. This compares with 338kW for standard Phantom with maximum torque of 720Nm, delivered at 3,500rpm.

The Nickel Cobalt Manganese battery chemistry holds around 230Wh/kg,a high energy density which is important in achieving an acceptable range between re-charges. Pre-launch tests suggests Phantom EE should run to a range of up to 200km. Delivered on an effortless wave of torque, 0-60mph will be achieved in under eight seconds (5.7 seconds in standard Phantom), with top speed limited to 160kph.

This is the first application of the technology in a GKL++ segment (super luxury vehicles priced at more than €200,000) and the battery pack is thought to be the largest ever fitted to a road car.

Evaluation of technology is an important part of the test programme. However, more fundamentally the car will seek answers to questions posed of Rolls-Royce owners: what their needs might be for the future considering factors such as range, performance and re-charging infrastructure.

The feedback from customers - as well as media, stakeholders and enthusiasts via the website www.electricluxury.com - will prove essential in evaluating the appropriateness of battery electric technology for Rolls-Royce.

It will help inform a decision on whether all-electric, or another alternative drive-train technology, will be most appropriate for the world's best cars of the future.

DESIGN

"It's a credible design concept that perfectly complements the experimental nature of the car, exploring options in light, space and use of materials. Had we changed the overall aesthetic, the concept would have lost credibility; our audience would assume it was simply a styling exercise. The reality is that this is an experimental vehicle in its truest sense, challenging perceptions, emotions and values - as well as exploring alternative drive-train technology." - Ian Cameron, Chief Designer Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.

102EX bears the famous hallmarks of the Rolls-Royce Phantom on which it is based, such as hand craftsmanship, fine detailing and iconic design cues like the pantheon grille and the Spirit of Ecstasy which celebrates its centenary in 2011. However, at the core of its design is the essence of an experimental vehicle, establishing this car's status as a test bed, while subtly alluding to its electric power plant.

The design creates a different aesthetic, experimenting with interior space and materials, as well as trims and illumination. These are framed around functional considerations for a battery electric Rolls-Royce - how the car is likely to be used and the changes that the technology brings in terms of interior space and exterior detailing. Naturally, these changes are executed in a way that affirms the car's credentials as a Rolls-Royce.

ATLANTIC CHROME EXTERIOR

Our designers were challenged with creating a finish for Phantom EE which immediately signified a special car, distinguishing it from standard Phantom models in the absence of many overt design changes. Not an easy task, since all Phantom models are special - with customers benefitting from a range of bespoke paint options running to some 45,000 colours.

Extensive research however had revealed a highly reflective paint using ceramic nano particles. Under a microscope these mimic the impression of a silver metal, but are between 8,000 and 80,000 times smaller than the thickness of a hair or 1,000 times smaller than the size of a normal metallic paint particle.

Test parts were produced and the design team were impressed with the results, knowing that the larger the object covered the better it would look. But they were under no illusions as to the task ahead.

In all sixteen coats of paint were needed, of which four were Atlantic Chrome, and many hours of time dedicated to ensuring a perfect end result. The finish is a striking one. Phantom EE commands the stage, with taut almost chiselled lines giving a wet impression to the car. This only grows in character as light conditions change.

ILLUMINATED SPIRIT OF ECSTASY

As well as the launch of Rolls-Royce 102EX, 2011 marks another milestone in the history of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. On 6 February 1911, the design for Charles Sykes' Spirit of Ecstasy was first registered, signalling the start of a 100 year period in which this famous icon has adorned the prow of Rolls-Royce cars, from the famous Silver Ghosts, Clouds and Shadows of the 20th Century to today's hand-built Phantom and Ghost models.

Phantom EE's Spirit of Ecstasy, sits atop the radiator grille above the red double-R badge applied to EX models. Made of Makrolon, rather than stainless steel, it will be bathed in blue LED light, hinting at the electric technology beneath the bonnet. This stunning image complements the keynote graphic of website - www.electricluxury.com - where Rolls-Royce Motor Cars will expand the debate on the question of electric luxury to the online community, taking views from enthusiasts, media and members of the public.

INTERIOR DETAILING

Atlantic chrome-finished dashboard dials echo the exterior colour, providing a sense of interior-exterior balance and their analogue displays maintain the timeless architecture that every Phantom interior commands.

Other changes hint at further evolutionary designs applied to the car. For example, some dials have been subtly modified to provide information needed by the driver of an electric vehicle. The fuel gauge in particular has been replaced by an elegant battery charge indicator.

One of the most pleasing features of every Rolls-Royce Phantom interior is the power reserve dial located beside the speedometer. This reveals how much of the V12 engine's power remains at a driver's disposal. Phantom EE takes this concept a step further.

It features a regeneration symbol which takes the dial beyond the normal 100% line of standard Phantom. Depending on the momentum gathered, it conveys the degree of re-charge taking place as the vehicle is in motion.

EXTERIOR RE-CHARGING POINT

Re-charging is undertaken with a plug and five-pin socket which takes the place of the normal fuel filling mechanism for Phantom.The standard fuel filler cap has been replaced by a design featuring a clear window, displaying the RR logo and 102EX motif. The window frames rear-mounted, tricolour LEDs which present the car's charging status.

On start up, the socket is bathed in blue light. This begins to flash as charging commences. When completely charged, the display turns green, then flashing green as the solenoid is disengaged. A potential fault in the system is indicated by either constant or flashing red light.

Charging can be halted via a switch located adjacent to the plug. The process can also be operated inside the vehicle using controls accessed beneath the centre console, for example when induction charging is taking place.

CENTRE CONSOLE DETAIL

A key identifier for Phantom EE is the design of the centre console charging and display, sited below the central arm rest. A simple switch is used to start and halt charging, while the display itself features a bright plate with an image of a battery, lit by LEDs.

Reflecting the lights applied to the exterior charging point, this image changes colour according to the charge status of the car. A blue-lit battery shows the vehicle is on standard charge, while pulsating blue indicates that inductive charging is taking place. Green indicates a fully charged battery while red notifies engineers of a potential fault in the system.

CORINOVA LEATHER

"At Rolls-Royce we pride ourselves in producing an authentic and natural product for customers, the quality of which is second to none. Seton Corinova is an experimental vegetable-tanned leather that allows us to celebrate more of the curves, creases and other features that are part and parcel of the life of the animal. It's a more sympathetic process that stretches our understanding of Rolls-Royce interior expectations. Owners' reactions will prove fascinating during the tour." - Andrew Monachan, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars General Manager, Leathershop.

Interior wood veneers present Phantom owners with unique grains, patterns and detail adding weight to the fact that every model leaving Goodwood is as unique as the finger print of its owner. Phantom EE takes this concept a step further.

Its leather interior is derived from a natural vegetable tanning process christened Corinova. This gives life to the car, adding definition to the seats, floor and arm rests.

Most leather produced for automotive applications is chrome tanned. This is an important constituent that helps to stabilise animal hides and transfer collagen into leather fibres. The barrel-dyeing process used to colour Phantom interior leathers gives a rich, uniform pigmentation while maintaining the natural feel and softness.

An experimental leather, Corinova distinguishes itself by being entirely chrome free. It starts with a preparation of Glutardialehyde to prepare for tanning. Chestnut extract, sustainably sourced from Southern Europe and Tara powder from crushed fruit of the Tara bush in South America are used for drum-spun colouring. Fruits are harvested without damage to the plant and the product is finished with a combination of natural binders and high tech polymers.

The process lends itself only to certain earthy colours - in the case of Phantom EE a chestnut colour for seat covers and Quebracho Brown for other areas such as the floor and trunk lining, both of which are made of durable saddle leather.

As well as aesthetic differences, Corinova leather presents a number of practical benefits. It uses less paint finish than in standard chrome-tanned leather and creates less waste. It negates the use of petrol-refined products and with further development, it may be possible to use recycled Corinova leather in agriculture to aerate soil.

Rolls-Royce fully expects perceptions to be challenged and first impressions will no doubt focus on appearance, as features that define the life of the animal are more clearly visible in areas like seats and armrests than in production Phantom interiors. A change from the sumptuous finish applied to Phantom leather may imply a compromise to some owners, but others may welcome distinguishing features that stretch individualisation for Rolls-Royce Phantom models ever further.

As well as gauging owner feedback, the leather will be tested for its durability and performance after several months on tour.

INTERIOR PANELS

The interior of Phantom EE represents a departure from the traditional wood sets that define the majority of cars delivered to customers, providing a unique finish to the car. It features a distinctive aluminised foil weave that lifts the environment of the interior, contrasting sharply with the darker natural leather within. As is the case with Corinova leather, the aim is to challenge traditional perceptions of what might constitute a Rolls-Royce interior design scheme.

BATTERY PACK

Phantom EE is thought to have the largest passenger car battery in the world. Peak current is 850A, delivered at 338V DC. Overall capacity is 71kWh.

The pack is comprised of large-format NCM pouch cells. NCM (Lithium-Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese-Oxide) is a variant of lithium-ion chemistry that has particularly high energy and power densities.

The Phantom EE battery pack houses five modules of cells, a 38-cell module, a 36-cell module, and three smaller ones of ten, eight and four arranged in various orientations within an irregular shaped unit. This resembles the overall shape of the original engine and gearbox.

Each of the 96 cells was individually tested before assembly into modules to determine their characteristics and capacity. Sub-assemblies were further tested under load to verify that the power connections between each cell perform to specification.

The electronic sensing units for each group of cells were tested and calibrated prior to assembly and put through a rigorous temperature cycling regime designed to provoke failure of weak components. The main electronic box, which contains the switching and control gear, was tested in isolation from the other components to verify correct operation.

Three separate charger units (3kW each) are fitted to the battery, which allow both single-phase (20 hours) or three-phase charging (8 hours); for a passenger car this is unique. A fourth induction charger is also fitted to enable wireless charging, a technology being trialled in Phantom EE.

The battery pack would be expected to last over three years were it to be used every day. Part of the programme however will be to test this assumption in a real world environment and deliver a more robust answer to the question of battery lifespan.

INDUCTION CHARGING

Concerns about lack of available re-charging infrastructure in towns and cities are well documented and critics of electric motoring point to the additional inconvenience of trailing cables connected between power source and vehicles.

To present Rolls-Royce owners with a vision of a potential solution to these problems, Phantom EE is testing a technology called induction charging. This allows re-charging to take place without any physical connection, delivering greater convenience for owners and hinting at the potential for a network of remote charging facilities.

There are two main elements to induction charging; a transfer pad on the ground that delivers power from a mains source and an induction pad mounted under the car, beneath Phantom EE's battery pack. Power frequencies are magnetically coupled across these power transfer pads.

The system is around 90 percent efficient when measured from mains supply to battery and it is tolerant to parking misalignment. For example, it is not essential to align the transmitter and Phantom receiver pads exactly for charging to take place. While pads are capable of transmitting power over gaps of up to 400mm, for Phantom EE the separation is in the region of 150mm.

The coupling circuits are tuned through the addi­tion of compensation capacitors. Pick-up coils in the receiver pad are magnetically coupled to the primary coil. Power transfer is achieved by tuning the pick-up coil to the operating frequency of the primary coil with a series or parallel capacitor.

The pick-up controller is an essential part of the technology because it takes power from the receiver pad and provides a controlled output to batteries. It is required to provide an output that remains independent of the load and the separation between pads. Without a controller, the voltage would rise as the gap decreases and fall as the load current increases.

The transmitter pad has been constructed to shield magnetic fields to prevent EMI egress to bystanders and the system operates well within internationally agreed limits.

ELECTRIC CARS AND THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF ROLLS-ROYCE

Charles Rolls, Henry Royce and Claude Johnson played their part in an electrical revolution that pre-empted the establishment of internal combustion as the dominant car engine technology.

Henry Royce had developed a career as an accomplished electrical engineer before turning his expert hands to car manufacturing.

His business F.H. Royce and Co, which began selling simple lights and bell sets in the 1890s, became prosperous through the design and delivery of dynamos, electric motors and industrial cranes. Royce's many innovations include the patent for the bayonet bulb holder, a design that endures today.

One of Royce's clients was Pritchett and Gold, a company based in Feltham in Middlesex. As well as manufacturing accumulators they had developed a two-seater electric car, at least one of which was powered by a Royce electric motor.

The Honourable Charles Rolls also toyed with electric motoring in the years before the two men met. He had negotiated for the selling rights of an electric brougham, through C.S Rolls and Co, in Conduit Street, London which latterly established exclusive rights to sell Rolls-Royce models.

It is likely that this car was part of the City and Suburban Electric Car Project, a joint venture of two men, Paris Singer and one Claude Johnson. The project had a short life and Johnson left to join the rapidly expanding business of Rolls, latterly taking the role of managing director of Rolls-Royce. He became known as 'the hyphen in Rolls-Royce', with a pivotal role in its success.

Charles Rolls was on record outlining the merits of electric drive-trains - as well as raising prescient concerns about range and re-charging. He regarded a model called the Columbia as the best of its type, commenting in Automobile Journal:

"They are perfectly noiseless and clean. There is no smell or vibration and they should become very useful for town use when fixed charging stations can be arranged. But for country use I do not anticipate they will be very serviceable - at least not for many years to come."

Later, when the first exports of petrol powered Rolls-Royce models were made to America, some authorities refused to believe they were not electrically powered, thanks to their legendary near-silent running.

In the 21st Century silence remains a key signature for Rolls-Royce cars. Other attributes of all-electric drive-trains also allude to famous Rolls-Royce characteristics. Power at low speeds is one example.

Thanks to improvements in battery technology, it may be that the serviceability to which Rolls referred more than a century ago is now sufficiently developed to re-visit all-electric motoring as an option.



Tampa Injury Attorneys
Trentalange & Kelley P.A.
www.trentalange.com

Trentalange & Kelley, P.A. is a team of dedicated professionals who represent victims of negligence and wrongful death. Lead Trial Attorney Mike Trentalange and Senior Partner Elizabeth ("Lisa") Kelley have a combined 40 years of courtroom experience.

We are injury attorneys who represent people like you. We do not represent insurance companies. Instead we have spent our careers battling with them in cases involving:

• Auto Accidents • Misfilled Prescriptions • Trucking Accidents • Birth Injuries • Slip & Falls • Aviation Accidents • Medical Negligence • Clergy Misconduct • Industrial Accidents • Motorcycle Accidents • Wrongful Death • Nursing Home Neglect • Sexual Abuse • Suicide • Defective Products • Negligent Security • Shootings • Boating/Watercraft Accidents.

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